Micron Document
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lutetium</span></h1>
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<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; font-size:120%; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center;">
<div id="table" style="position:relative;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:color:var(--color-inverted, #FFFFFF); color:var(--color-base, #000000); text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="30">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum; border:2px solid #72777D; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>14</sup> 5<a href="D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>1</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup></div>
<div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">71</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Lu</span></div>
<div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Allgemein
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">Lutetium, Lu, 71
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">La</a>, <a href="Chemische_Elemente_der_sechsten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der sechsten Periode">6</a>, <a href="Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">f</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Aussehen
</td>
<td>silbrig weiß
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7439-94-3">7439-94-3</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>231-103-0
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.275">100.028.275</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td>Massenanteil an der <a href="Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">0,7&nbsp;ppm (60. Rang)<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">174,9668(1)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet)
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">175 (217) <a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">187 pm
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>14</sup> 5<a href="D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>1</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1. <a href="Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


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/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>5<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span><span class="numericFormat-fractpart">425</span>871(12) <a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-lutetium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">523<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>52 <a href="Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-lutetium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">14<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>13(5) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-lutetium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>363 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-lutetium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">20<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>9594(12) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-lutetium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>022<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>27 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-lutetium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">45<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>249(25) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-lutetium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">4</span>365<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>9 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-lutetium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">66<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>8(3) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-lutetium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">6</span>450 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-lutetium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>fest
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Hexagonales_Kristallsystem" title="Hexagonales Kristallsystem">hexagonal</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">9,84 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetismus</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisch</a> (<a href="Magnetische_Suszeptibilit%C3%A4t" title="Magnetische Suszeptibilität"><i>χ<sub>m</sub></i></a> &gt; 0)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1925 <a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1652 °C)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">3603 K<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3330 °C)
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">17,78 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">414 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">22 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>








<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1,72 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="Siemens_(Einheit)" title="Siemens (Einheit)">S</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">16 <a href="Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">+3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a>
</td>
<td>−2,30 <a href="Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Lu<sup>3+</sup> + 3&nbsp;e<sup>−</sup> → Lu)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a>
</td>
<td>1,27 (<a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Isotope
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable center darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122; border:hidden; margin:0;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a>
</td>
<td><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>)
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>173</sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>1,37 <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>0,671
</td>
<td><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><sup>173</sup>Yb</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>174</sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>3,31 <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>1,374
</td>
<td><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><sup>174</sup>Yb</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>174<a href="Isomer_(Kernphysik)" title="Isomer (Kernphysik)">m</a></sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">142 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Isomerie-%C3%9Cbergang" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomerie-Übergang">IT</a>
</td>
<td>0,171
</td>
<td><sup>174</sup>Lu
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>1,545
</td>
<td><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><sup>174</sup>Yb</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>175</sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><b>97,41</b>&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>176</sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">2,59&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>3,78 · 10<sup>10</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>1,192
</td>
<td><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><sup>176</sup>Hf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>176<a href="Isomer_(Kernphysik)" title="Isomer (Kernphysik)">m</a></sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">3,6832 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>1,315
</td>
<td><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><sup>176</sup>Hf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>0,229
</td>
<td><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><sup>176</sup>Yb</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>177</sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>6,65 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>0,498
</td>
<td><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><sup>177</sup>Hf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>177<a href="Isomer_(Kernphysik)" title="Isomer (Kernphysik)">m</a></sup>Lu<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">160,4 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>1,468
</td>
<td><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><sup>177</sup>Hf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Isomerie-%C3%9Cbergang" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomerie-Übergang">IT</a>
</td>
<td>0,970
</td>
<td><sup>177</sup>Lu
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122;">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_71_bis_Ordnungszahl_80#71_Lutetium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 71 bis Ordnungszahl 80">Liste der Isotope</a>
</th></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">


<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<p>Pulver
</p>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Entzündbarer Feststoff.">228</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellen fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">210</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:Plum; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; color:#202122; font-size:smaller;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Lutetium</b> ist ein <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Lu und der <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 71. Im <a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der Gruppe der <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> und zählt damit auch zu den <a href="Metalle_der_Seltenen_Erden" title="Metalle der Seltenen Erden">Metallen der Seltenen Erden</a>. Wie die anderen Lanthanoide ist Lutetium ein silberglänzendes <a href="Schwermetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwermetall">Schwermetall</a>. Wegen der <a href="Lanthanoidenkontraktion" title="Lanthanoidenkontraktion">Lanthanoidenkontraktion</a> hat Lutetium den kleinsten <a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> sowie die höchste Dichte und den höchsten Schmelz- und Siedepunkt aller Lanthanoide.
</p><p>Das Element wurde 1907 nahezu gleichzeitig, aber unabhängig voneinander von <a href="Georges_Urbain" title="Georges Urbain">Georges Urbain</a>, <a href="Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a> und <a href="Charles_James_(Chemiker)" title="Charles James (Chemiker)">Charles James</a> entdeckt. Obwohl 1909 entschieden wurde, dass Urbain die Entdeckung zusteht und damit auch der von ihm vorgeschlagene Name <i>Lutetium</i> festgelegt wurde, war besonders im deutschsprachigen Raum die von Carl Auer von Welsbach vorgeschlagene Bezeichnung <i>Cassiopeium</i> (Cp) lange verbreitet.
</p><p>Lutetium zählt zu den seltensten Seltenerdmetallen und wird darum und infolge der schwierigen Abtrennung von den anderen Lanthanoiden nur in geringem Umfang wirtschaftlich genutzt. Zu den wichtigsten Anwendungen des Elements zählt die Verwendung von <a href="Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat" title="Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat">Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat</a> als Bestandteil für den Bau von Detektoren von <a href="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie" title="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie">PET-CT</a>-Geräten.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>

<p>Lutetium wurde 1907 als vorletztes Lanthanoid (nur das <a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">radioaktive</a> und damit instabile <a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> wurde später entdeckt) annähernd gleichzeitig und unabhängig voneinander durch drei Chemiker entdeckt. Sowohl der Franzose <a href="Georges_Urbain" title="Georges Urbain">Georges Urbain</a>, der Österreicher <a href="Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a> als auch der Amerikaner <a href="Charles_James_(Chemiker)" title="Charles James (Chemiker)">Charles James</a> untersuchten das 1878 von <a href="Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</a> entdeckte <a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> genauer. Urbain berichtete am 4.&nbsp;November 1907 in der Pariser <a href="Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" title="Académie des sciences">Académie des sciences</a>, dass er durch 800fache Fraktionierung von Ytterbiumnitraten, die er aus <a href="Xenotim" title="Xenotim">Xenotim</a> gewonnen hatte, aus dem Ytterbium von Marignac zwei Elemente erhalten habe. Diese nannte er <i>Neo-ytterbium</i> und <i>Lutecium</i> nach dem alten Namen von Paris, <a href="Lutetia" title="Lutetia">Lutetia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Kurze Zeit später, am 19. Dezember 1907, gab Carl Auer von Welsbach als Ergebnis von Forschungen, die er seit 1905 durchführte, bekannt, dass er aus den Funkenspektren verschiedener Proben, die er durch <a href="Fraktionierte_Kristallisation_(Chemie)" title="Fraktionierte Kristallisation (Chemie)">fraktionierte Kristallisation</a> von Ytterbium-Ammoniumoxalat gewonnen hatte, geschlossen habe, dass dieses aus zwei verschiedenen Elementen bestehen müsse. Diese nannte er <i>Cassiopeium</i> (Cp, nach dem Sternbild <a href="Kassiopeia_(Sternbild)" title="Kassiopeia (Sternbild)">Cassiopeia</a>, entspricht Lutetium) und <i>Aldebaranium</i> (Ab, nach dem Stern <a href="Aldebaran" title="Aldebaran">Aldebaran</a>, entspricht Ytterbium). Er konnte jedoch keine Reinstoffe gewinnen.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Auch Charles James arbeitete an der Trennung von Ytterbium mit Hilfe von Ytterbium-Magnesiumnitrat-Salzen und erhielt 1907 größere Mengen der reinen Salze. Nachdem er von der Entdeckung Urbains erfahren hatte, verzichtete er jedoch auf eventuelle Ansprüche auf die Entdeckung des neuen Elements.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In der folgenden Zeit kam es zwischen Urbain und Welsbach zu einigen – durch die politischen Gegensätze zwischen <a href="Frankreich" title="Frankreich">Frankreich</a> und <a href="%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn" title="Österreich-Ungarn">Österreich-Ungarn</a> verstärkten – Auseinandersetzungen um die Anerkennung als rechtmäßiger Entdecker des neuen Elements und damit auch um das Recht, den Namen des Elements festzulegen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der internationale Atomgewichts-Ausschuss, bestehend aus <a href="Frank_Wigglesworth_Clarke" title="Frank Wigglesworth Clarke">Frank Wigglesworth Clarke</a>, <a href="Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, <a href="Thomas_Edward_Thorpe" title="Thomas Edward Thorpe">Thomas Edward Thorpe</a> und Georges Urbain, entschied sich 1909 schließlich für Urbain und seine Elementnamen. Allerdings wurde der Name Neo-ytterbium zu Ytterbium geändert.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endgültig wurde der Name Lutetium für das Element 1949 von der <a href="IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> festgelegt.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bis dahin hatten vor allem viele deutsche Chemiker an der Bezeichnung Cassiopeium festgehalten.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1911 behauptete Georges Urbain, ein weiteres, dem Lutetium ähnliches Element gefunden zu haben, das er <i>Celtium</i> nannte. Er konnte zwar spektroskopische Untersuchungen durchführen, aber kein reines Celtium gewinnen.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dies stellte sich jedoch nach der Entdeckung des <a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafniums</a> als falsch heraus, die von Urbain beobachteten Spektrallinien gehörten zum Lutetium.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Durch <a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> verunreinigtes metallisches Erbium wurde erstmals 1936 von <a href="Wilhelm_Klemm_(Chemiker)" title="Wilhelm Klemm (Chemiker)">Wilhelm Klemm</a> und <a href="Heinrich_Bommer" title="Heinrich Bommer">Heinrich Bommer</a> erhalten. Sie gewannen das Metall durch <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">Reduktion</a> von <a href="Lutetium(III)-chlorid" title="Lutetium(III)-chlorid">Lutetium(III)-chlorid</a> mit <a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> bei 250&nbsp;°C. Weiterhin bestimmten sie die <a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a> des Metalls.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reines Lutetium wurde schließlich 1953 von Frank Harold Spedding durch Reduktion von <a href="Lutetiumfluorid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetiumfluorid">Lutetiumfluorid</a> mit <a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> dargestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>

<p>Lutetium ist auf der Erde ein seltenes Element, seine <a href="Liste_der_H%C3%A4ufigkeiten_chemischer_Elemente" title="Liste der Häufigkeiten chemischer Elemente">Häufigkeit</a> in der <a href="Kontinentale_Erdkruste" title="Kontinentale Erdkruste">kontinentalen Erdkruste</a> beträgt etwa 0,8&nbsp;<a href="Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">ppm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es ist das seltenste Lanthanoid nach dem instabilen <a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> und <a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a>, aber häufiger als Elemente wie <a href="Silber" title="Silber">Silber</a> (0,079&nbsp;ppm), <a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Quecksilber</a> oder <a href="Bismut" title="Bismut">Bismut</a>.
</p><p>Es sind keine Lutetiumminerale bekannt, das Element kommt immer als Beimengung in anderen Seltenerd-Mineralen, vor allem solchen des <a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttriums</a> und der schwereren Lanthanoide, wie <a href="Xenotim" title="Xenotim">Xenotim</a> oder <a href="Gadolinit" title="Gadolinit">Gadolinit</a>, vor. So enthält Xenotim aus <a href="Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> neben Yttrium, <a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a>, <a href="Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> und <a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> auch 0,4&nbsp;% Lutetium. <a href="Bastn%C3%A4sit" title="Bastnäsit">Bastnäsit</a> als Mineral der leichteren Ceriterden enthält dagegen nur Spuren des Elements, <a href="Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a> bis zu 0,1&nbsp;%.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Wichtige Quellen für Lutetium sind die Xenotimvorkommen in Malaysia (dort als Begleitmineral von <a href="Kassiterit" title="Kassiterit">Kassiterit</a>), sowie ionenadsorbierende <a href="Laterit" title="Laterit">lateritische</a> <a href="Tonminerale" title="Tonminerale">Tonminerale</a> in den <a href="Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China">südchinesischen</a> Provinzen <a href="Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> und <a href="Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>. Aufgrund der schwierigen Gewinnung wird es nur in geringen Mengen hergestellt und eingesetzt und besitzt einen hohen Preis. Aufgrund der geringen Nachfrage wird die Versorgung mit Lutetium nicht als kritisch angesehen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Darstellung">Gewinnung und Darstellung</h2></div>

<p>Die Gewinnung von Lutetium ist vor allem durch die schwierige Trennung der Lanthanoide kompliziert und langwierig. Die Ausgangsminerale wie Monazit oder Xenotim werden zunächst mit Säuren oder Laugen aufgeschlossen und in Lösung gebracht. Die Trennung des Lutetiums von den anderen Lanthanoiden ist dann durch verschiedene Methoden möglich, wobei die Trennung durch <a href="Ionenaustausch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionenaustausch">Ionenaustausch</a> die technisch wichtigste Methode für Lutetium darstellt, sowie auch für andere seltene Lanthanoide. Dabei wird die Lösung mit den seltenen Erden auf ein geeignetes <a href="Harz_(Material)" title="Harz (Material)">Harz</a> aufgetragen, an das die einzelnen Lanthanoid-Ionen unterschiedlich stark binden. Anschließend werden sie in einer <a href="Trenns%C3%A4ule" class="mw-redirect" title="Trennsäule">Trennsäule</a> mit Hilfe von <a href="Komplexbildner" title="Komplexbildner">Komplexbildnern</a> wie <a href="Ethylendiamintetraessigs%C3%A4ure" title="Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure">EDTA</a>, <a href="DTPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DTPA">DTPA</a> oder HEDTA vom Harz gelöst, durch die unterschiedlich starke Bindung an das Harz erzielt man somit die Trennung der einzelnen Lanthanoide.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine Gewinnung von Lutetiummetall ist durch <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">Reduktion</a> von <a href="Lutetiumfluorid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetiumfluorid">Lutetiumfluorid</a> mit <a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> bei 1500 bis 1600&nbsp;°C möglich.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physikalische_Eigenschaften">Physikalische Eigenschaften</h3></div>

<p>Lutetium ist ein weiches, silberglänzendes Schwermetall. Die <a href="Lanthanoidenkontraktion" title="Lanthanoidenkontraktion">Lanthanoidenkontraktion</a> bewirkt, dass Lutetium als das Lanthanoid mit der höchsten <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> mit 175&nbsp;pm den kleinsten <a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> besitzt. In der Folge besitzt es auch mit 9,84&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup> die höchste Dichte und den höchsten Schmelz- (1652&nbsp;°C) und Siedepunkt (3330&nbsp;°C) aller Lanthanoide.
</p><p>Unter <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> kristallisiert Lutetium in einer <a href="Hexagonales_Kristallsystem" title="Hexagonales Kristallsystem">hexagonal-dichtesten Kugelpackung</a> mit den <a href="Gitterparameter" title="Gitterparameter">Gitterparametern</a> a&nbsp;=&nbsp;351,6&nbsp;<a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a> und c&nbsp;=&nbsp;557,3&nbsp;pm. Neben dieser Struktur sind auch mehrere <a href="Hochdruckmodifikation" title="Hochdruckmodifikation">Hochdruckmodifikationen</a> bekannt. Ab einem Druck von 32&nbsp;<a href="Pascal_(Einheit)#Gigapascal" title="Pascal (Einheit)">GPa</a> kristallisiert Lutetium in einer Struktur vom <a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a>-Typ, einer kompliziert aufgebauten, <a href="Trigonales_Kristallsystem" title="Trigonales Kristallsystem">trigonalen</a> Kristallstruktur, mit den Gitterparametern a&nbsp;=&nbsp;317,6&nbsp;pm und c&nbsp;=&nbsp;2177&nbsp;pm. Beim <a href="Phasen%C3%BCbergang" title="Phasenübergang">Phasenübergang</a> kommt es zu einem Volumenverlust von 1,6&nbsp;%.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weitere Phasenübergänge gibt es bei einem Druck von 45&nbsp;GPa, ab dem eine doppelt-hexagonal-dichteste Struktur am stabilsten ist, und bei 88&nbsp;GPa mit einem Übergang zu einer verzerrten kubisch-dichtesten Struktur (<i>h</i>R24).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Unterhalb von 0,1&nbsp;<a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, bei einem Druck von 18&nbsp;GPa unterhalb von 1,2&nbsp;K, wird Lutetium zum <a href="Supraleiter" title="Supraleiter">Supraleiter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemische_Eigenschaften">Chemische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Lutetium ist ein typisches unedles Metall, das, vor allem bei höheren Temperaturen, mit den meisten <a href="Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetallen</a> reagiert. Mit <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> reagiert es bei Standardbedingungen an trockener Luft langsam, schneller bei Anwesenheit von Feuchtigkeit. Metallisches Lutetium ist wie andere unedle Metalle, vor allem bei großer Oberfläche, brennbar.<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Reaktion von Lutetium und <a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> ist nicht vollständig, der Wasserstoff tritt stattdessen in die <a href="Oktaederl%C3%BCcke" title="Oktaederlücke">Oktaederlücken</a> der Metallstruktur ein, und es bilden sich nicht-<a href="St%C3%B6chiometrie" title="Stöchiometrie">stöchiometrische</a> <a href="Hydrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrid">Hydridphasen</a> aus, wobei die genaue Zusammensetzung von der Temperatur und dem Wasserstoffdruck abhängt.<sup id="cite_ref-HoWi1938_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoWi1938-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In Wasser löst sich Lutetium nur langsam, in Säuren schneller unter Wasserstoffbildung. In Lösung liegen immer dreiwertige, farblose Lutetiumionen vor.<sup id="cite_ref-HoWi1938_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoWi1938-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2></div>
<p>Es sind insgesamt 34 <a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotope</a> (<sup>150</sup>Lu bis <sup>184</sup>Lu) und 35 <a href="Kernisomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernisomer">Kernisomere</a> des Lutetiums bekannt. Von diesen ist nur <sup>175</sup>Lu stabil, und <sup>176</sup>Lu ist mit einer <a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">Halbwertszeit</a> von 3,8&nbsp;·&nbsp;10<sup>10</sup>&nbsp;Jahren das langlebigste. Diese beiden Isotope kommen natürlich vor, wobei <sup>175</sup>Lu mit einem Anteil von 97,41&nbsp;% in der natürlichen Isotopenzusammensetzung überwiegt. Daher hat ein Gramm natürliches Lutetium eine geringe Eigenstrahlung von 51,8&nbsp;<a href="Becquerel_(Einheit)" title="Becquerel (Einheit)">Bq</a>. Alle weiteren Isotope besitzen nur kurze Halbwertszeiten, mit einem Maximum von 3,31 Jahren bei <sup>174</sup>Lu.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der langsame Zerfall von <sup>176</sup>Lu zu <sup>176</sup>Hf kann zur <a href="Geochronologie" title="Geochronologie">Altersbestimmung</a> sehr alter <a href="Gestein" title="Gestein">Gesteine</a> verwendet werden. Dabei werden die unterschiedlichen Verhältnisse der Isotope <sup>176</sup>Hf und <sup>177</sup>Hf bestimmt, und mit dem Verhältnis in Gesteinen bekannten Alters verglichen.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit dieser Methode gelang eine Altersbestimmung des ältesten bekannten <a href="Marsmeteorit" title="Marsmeteorit">Marsmeteoriten</a> <a href="ALH84001" class="mw-redirect" title="ALH84001">ALH84001</a> auf 4,091 Milliarden Jahre.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Als Legierung ist das Element wie die anderen Lanthanoide Bestandteil von <a href="Mischmetall" title="Mischmetall">Mischmetall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Römpp_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Römpp-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In Verbindungen kann Lutetium als <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysator</a> für <a href="Polymerisation" title="Polymerisation">Polymerisationen</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und andere chemische Reaktionen wie <a href="Hydroaminierung" title="Hydroaminierung">Hydroaminierungen</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, in Form von <a href="Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat" title="Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat">Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat</a> als <a href="Szintillator" title="Szintillator">Szintillatormaterial</a> in der <a href="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie" title="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie">Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Saha_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saha-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder als <a href="Dotierung" title="Dotierung">Dotierungsmittel</a> für <a href="Magnetblasenspeicher" title="Magnetblasenspeicher">Magnetblasenspeicher</a> aus Gadolinium-Gallium-Granat genutzt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das <a href="Radionuklid" title="Radionuklid">Radionuklid</a> <sup>177</sup>Lu wird – <a href="Komplexchemie" title="Komplexchemie">komplexiert</a> mit Liganden wie <a href="DOTA" class="mw-redirect" title="DOTA">DOTA</a> – als kurzreichweitiger <a href="Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">Betastrahler</a> in der Therapie gegen <a href="Neuroendokriner_Tumor" title="Neuroendokriner Tumor">neuroendokrine Tumoren</a> und <a href="Prostatakrebs" title="Prostatakrebs">Prostatakrebs</a> verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologische_Bedeutung_und_Toxizität"><span id="Biologische_Bedeutung_und_Toxizit.C3.A4t"></span>Biologische Bedeutung und Toxizität</h2></div>
<p>Lutetium besitzt keine biologische Bedeutung und ist nur in äußerst geringen Mengen im menschlichen Körper enthalten.<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wurde bei Versuchen an <a href="Ratten" title="Ratten">Ratten</a> festgestellt, dass aufgenommenes Lutetium vor allem in der <a href="Leber" title="Leber">Leber</a>, in geringeren Mengen auch in <a href="Knochen" title="Knochen">Knochen</a> und <a href="Milz" title="Milz">Milz</a> gespeichert wird.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Über toxische Effekte von Lutetium und seinen Verbindungen auf Lebewesen ist wenig bekannt. Bei Ratten wurde für Lutetiumchlorid eine akute Toxizität mit einem <a href="LD50" class="mw-redirect" title="LD50">LD<sub>50</sub>-Wert</a> von 315&nbsp;mg/kg bei <a href="Intraperitoneal" title="Intraperitoneal">intraperitonealer</a> Gabe und 7100&nbsp;mg/kg für <a href="Peroral" title="Peroral">orale</a> Gabe über jeweils sieben Tage bestimmt. Eine chronische Toxizität konnte nicht festgestellt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelöste Lutetiumionen wirken toxisch für <a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a> wie <i><a href="Aliivibrio_fischeri" title="Aliivibrio fischeri">Aliivibrio fischeri</a></i>. Lu<sup>3+</sup>-Ionen besitzen einen <a href="EC50" title="EC50">EC<sub>50</sub>-Wert</a> von 1,57&nbsp;μmol/l und sind damit in der Bakterientoxizität toxischer als <a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a>- oder <a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmiumionen</a> und vergleichbar mit <a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Kupferionen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2></div>
<p>In Verbindungen kommt Lutetium stets in der <a href="Oxidationsstufe" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidationsstufe">Oxidationsstufe</a> +3 vor.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenide">Halogenide</h3></div>
<p>Mit den Halogenen <a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a>, <a href="Chlor" title="Chlor">Chlor</a>, <a href="Brom" title="Brom">Brom</a> und <a href="Iod" title="Iod">Iod</a> bildet Lutetium jeweils ein Halogenid mit der <a href="Verh%C3%A4ltnisformel" title="Verhältnisformel">Verhältnisformel</a> LuX<sub>3</sub>. Es handelt sich dabei um typische Salze mit Schmelzpunkten zwischen 892&nbsp;°C (<a href="Lutetium(III)-chlorid" title="Lutetium(III)-chlorid">Lutetium(III)-chlorid</a>) und 1184&nbsp;°C (<a href="Lutetium(III)-fluorid" title="Lutetium(III)-fluorid">Lutetium(III)-fluorid</a>). Mit Ausnahme von Lutetiumfluorid, das in einer <a href="Terbium(III)-chlorid" title="Terbium(III)-chlorid">Terbium(III)-chlorid</a>-Raumstruktur kristallisiert, bilden die Lutetiumhalogenide eine <a href="Aluminiumchlorid" title="Aluminiumchlorid">Aluminiumchlorid</a>-Schichtstruktur.<sup id="cite_ref-HoWi1941_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoWi1941-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metallorganische_Verbindungen">Metallorganische Verbindungen</h3></div>
<p>Es sind eine Reihe von <a href="Metallorganische_Chemie" title="Metallorganische Chemie">metallorganischen</a> Verbindungen bekannt. Verbindungen mit einer direkten Bindung zwischen Lutetium und Kohlenstoff sind nur in geringem Umfang bekannt, da es bei diesen wie bei vielen Übergangsmetallen leicht zu Folgereaktionen wie <a href="%CE%92-Hydrideliminierung" title="Β-Hydrideliminierung">β-Hydrideliminierungen</a> kommt. Sie sind daher mit sterisch anspruchsvollen <a href="Rest_(Chemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rest (Chemie)">Resten</a> wie der <a href="Butylgruppe" title="Butylgruppe"><i>tert</i>-Butylgruppe</a> oder einer größeren Zahl kleiner Reste wie in einem Hexamethyllutetat-Komplex [Lu(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> stabil. Die wichtigsten Liganden des Lutetiums sind <a href="Cyclopentadien" title="Cyclopentadien">Cyclopentadienyl</a> (Cp) und dessen Derivate. Ein <a href="Sandwichkomplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandwichkomplex">Sandwichkomplex</a> des Lutetiums ist jedoch nicht bekannt, die wichtigsten Klassen sind solche mit den Formeln CpLuX<sub>2</sub>, Cp<sub>2</sub>LuX und Cp<sub>3</sub>Lu (X kann dabei ein Halogenid, Hydrid, Alkoxid oder weiteres sein). Bei drei Cyclopentadienyl-Liganden werden zwei Liganden <a href="Haptizit%C3%A4t" title="Haptizität">η<sup>5</sup></a>, einer η<sup>1</sup> als Brücke zu einem weiteren Lutetiumatom gebunden.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weitere_Verbindungen">Weitere Verbindungen</h3></div>
<p>Mit Sauerstoff reagiert Lutetium zu <a href="Lutetium(III)-oxid" title="Lutetium(III)-oxid">Lutetium(III)-oxid</a>, Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, das wie die anderen dreiwertigen Oxide der schwereren Lanthanoide in der kubischen Lanthanoid-C-Struktur kristallisiert.<sup id="cite_ref-HoWi1941_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoWi1941-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die technisch wichtigste Lutetiumverbindung ist <a href="Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat" title="Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat">Lutetiumoxyorthosilicat</a>. Diese ist, mit <a href="Cer" title="Cer">Cer</a> dotiert, ein <a href="Szintillator" title="Szintillator">Szintillator</a> und wird in <a href="Szintillationsz%C3%A4hler" title="Szintillationszähler">Szintillationszählern</a> in der <a href="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie" title="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie">Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie</a> eingesetzt. Aufgrund der sehr kurzen Abklingzeit von 40&nbsp;ns hat es dort andere Materialien wie <a href="Bismutgermanat" title="Bismutgermanat">Bismutgermanat</a> teilweise verdrängt.<sup id="cite_ref-Saha_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saha-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Lutetium-Aluminium-Granat" title="Lutetium-Aluminium-Granat">Lutetium-Aluminium-Granat</a> (LuAG), beispielsweise mit <a href="Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> dotiert, wird unter anderem in <a href="Infrarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrarot">Infrarot</a>-<a href="Laser" title="Laser">Lasern</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und als <a href="Leuchtstoff" title="Leuchtstoff">Leuchtstoff</a> in <a href="Leuchtdiode#Weiße_LED" title="Leuchtdiode">weißen Leuchtdioden</a> und <a href="Feldemissionsbildschirm" title="Feldemissionsbildschirm">Feldemissionsbildschirmen</a> verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine Übersicht über Lutetiumverbindungen bietet die Kategorie:Lutetiumverbindung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Ian McGill: <cite style="font-style:italic">Rare Earth Elements</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Ullmanns_Enzyklop%C3%A4die_der_Technischen_Chemie" title="Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie">Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</a></cite>. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a22_607">10.1002/14356007.a22_607</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lutetium&amp;rft.atitle=Rare+Earth+Elements&amp;rft.au=Ian+McGill&amp;rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.doi=10.1002%2F14356007.a22_607&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Weinheim&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-VCH" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lutetium" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Lutetium">Wiktionary: Lutetium</a></b>&nbsp;– Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lutetium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Lutetium</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li>Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-12-01809"><i>Lutetium</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;Februar 2012.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Harry_H._Binder" title="Harry H. Binder">Harry H. Binder</a>: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente</i>. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte für die Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/lutetium/">www.webelements.com (Lutetium)</a> entnommen.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-lutetium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-lutetium_4-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=lutetium&amp;units=1&amp;e_out=0&amp;unc_out=1&amp;at_num_out=1&amp;el_name_out=1&amp;ion_charge_out=1&amp;biblio=1"><i>lutetium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lutetium&amp;rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&amp;rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Webelements-lutetium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-lutetium_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/lutetium/atoms.html"><i>lutetium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: <i>Chemie der Elemente.</i> 1. Auflage. VCH, Weinheim 1988, ISBN 3-527-26169-9, S.&nbsp;1579.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, ISBN 0-8493-0470-9, S. E-129 bis E-145. Werte dort sind auf g/mol bezogen und in cgs-Einheiten angegeben. Der hier angegebene Wert ist der daraus berechnete maßeinheitslose SI-Wert.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data</a>.</i> 56, 2011, S.&nbsp;328–337, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/je1011086" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/je1011086">doi:10.1021/je1011086</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sigma-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_9-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/ALDRICH/261149">Lutetium</a></span> bei <a href="Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a>, abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;April 2017 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/de/sds/ALDRICH/261149?userType=anonymous">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/molecular-imaging/pet-ct/lso-detector"><i>Digital LSO-based detector—Set the standard in PET/CT.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 8.&nbsp;November 2023</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALutetium&amp;rft.title=Digital+LSO-based+detector%E2%80%94Set+the+standard+in+PET%2FCT&amp;rft.description=Digital+LSO-based+detector%E2%80%94Set+the+standard+in+PET%2FCT&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siemens-healthineers.com%2Fmolecular-imaging%2Fpet-ct%2Flso-detector&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. G. Urbain: <i>Un nouvel élément, le lutécium, résultant du dédoublement de l'ytterbium de Marignac.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus.</i> 145, 1908, S.&nbsp;759–762 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3099v.image.f759.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Evans-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_12-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_12-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_12-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_12-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Helge Kragh: <i>Elements No. 70, 71, 72: Discoveries and controversies</i> In: C.H. Evans (Hrsg.): <i>Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements.</i> Band 15, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1996, ISBN 978-94-009-0287-9, S. 71–85.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Auer v. Welsbach: <i>Die Zerlegung des Ytterbiums in seine Elemente.</i> In: <i>Monatshefte für Chemie.</i> 29, 1908, S.&nbsp;181–225, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01558944" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/BF01558944">doi:10.1007/BF01558944</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Urbain: <i>Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium.</i> In: <i>Monatshefte für Chemie.</i> 31, 1910, S.&nbsp;I–VI, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01530262" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/BF01530262">doi:10.1007/BF01530262</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. W. Clarke, W. Ostwald, T. E. Thorpe, G. Urbain: <i>Bericht des Internationalen Atomgewichts-Ausschusses für 1909.</i> In: <i>Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft.</i> 42, 1909, S.&nbsp;11–17, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19090420104" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/cber.19090420104">doi:10.1002/cber.19090420104</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. H. Koppenol: <i>Naming of new elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002).</i> In: <i><a href="Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a>.</i> 74, 2002, S.&nbsp;787–791, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274050787" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1351/pac200274050787">doi:10.1351/pac200274050787</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Urbain: <i>Sur un nouvel élément qui accompagne le lutécium et le scandium dans le terrre de gadolinite: le celtium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus.</i> 1911, 152, S.&nbsp;141–143 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3105c.image.f141.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Urbain: <i>Sur le celtium, élément de numéro atomique 72.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus.</i> 1923, 176, S. 469–470 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k31295.image.f469.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Klemm, H. Bommer: <i>Zur Kenntnis der Metalle der seltenen Erden.</i> In: <i>Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie.</i> 231, 1937, S.&nbsp;138–171, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19372310115" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/zaac.19372310115">doi:10.1002/zaac.19372310115</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F.H. Spedding, A.H. Daane: <i>Production of rare earth metals in quantity allows testing of physical properties.</i> In: <i>JOM.</i> Band 6, 1954, S.&nbsp;504–510, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03398865">10.1007/BF03398865</a></span>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-CRC-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Lide (Hrsg.): <i><a href="CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i>. 90.&nbsp;Auflage. (Internet-Version: 2010), CRC Press&nbsp;/ Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton FL, <i>Geophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics; Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the Sea</i>, S.&nbsp;14-18.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Ullmann-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_22-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_22-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_22-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_22-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian McGill: <i>Rear Earth Elements.</i> In: <i><a href="Ullmanns_Enzyklop%C3%A4die_der_Technischen_Chemie" title="Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie">Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</a>.</i> Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a22_607" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/14356007.a22 607">doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_607</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harald Elsner: <i>Kritische Versorgungslage mit schweren Seltenen Erden – Entwicklung „Grüner Technologien“ gefährdet?</i> In: <i>Commodity Top News.</i> Nr. 36, 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Produkte/Downloads/Commodity_Top_News/Rohstoffwirtschaft/36_kritische-versorgungslage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&amp;v=4">(pdf)</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon B. Haxel, James B. Hedrick, Greta J. Orris: <i>Rare Earth Elements—Critical Resources for High Technology.</i> (= <a href="U.S._Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a> Fact Sheet 087-02, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs087-02/fs087-02.pdf">(pdf)</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V. M. Gelis, E. A. Chuveleva, L. A. Firsova, E. A. Kozlitin, I. R. Barabanov: <i>Optimization of Separation of Ytterbium and Lutetium by Displacement Complexing Chromatography.</i> In: <i>Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry.</i> 78, 2005, S.&nbsp;1420–1426, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0530-6" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/s11167-005-0530-6">doi:10.1007/s11167-005-0530-6</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Liu: <i>Lutetium: High pressure polymorph and compression.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Physics_and_Chemistry_of_Solids" title="Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids">Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids</a>.</i> 36, 1975, S.&nbsp;31–35, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(75)90127-4" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0022-3697(75)90127-4">doi:10.1016/0022-3697(75)90127-4</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Chesnut, Yogesh Vohra: <i>Phase transformation in lutetium metal at 88 GPa.</i> In: <i>Physical Review B.</i> 57, 1998, S.&nbsp;10221–10223, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.10221" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.57.10221">doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.57.10221</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cristina Buzea, Kevin Robbie: <i>Assembling the puzzle of superconducting elements: a review.</i> In: <i>Superconductor Science and Technology.</i> 18, 2005, S.&nbsp;R1–R8, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/R01" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/R01">doi:10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/R01</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-HoWi1938-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HoWi1938_29-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HoWi1938_29-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102.&nbsp;Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1, S.&nbsp;1938–1941.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nubase-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nubase_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot, A. H. Wapstra: <i>The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties.</i> In: <i>Nuclear Physics.</i> Band A 729, 2003, S.&nbsp;3–128. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/nubase2003/Nubase2003.pdf">PDF</a>; 1,0&nbsp;MB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Attila Vértes, Sándor Nagy, Zoltán Klencsár: <i>Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry.</i> Band 2, Springer, 2003, ISBN 1-4020-1305-1, S.&nbsp;169–170 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=8F--jAdDGywC&amp;pg=PA169#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. J. Lapen, M. Righter, A. D. Brandon, V. Debaille, B. L. Beard, J. T. Shafer, A. H. Peslier: <i>A Younger Age for ALH84001 and Its Geochemical Link to Shergottite Sources in Mars.</i> In: <i>Science.</i> 328, 2010, S.&nbsp;347–351, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185395" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1126/science.1185395">doi:10.1126/science.1185395</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Römpp-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Römpp_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-12-01809"><i>Lutetium</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;Februar 2012.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhongbao Jian, Shijia Tang, Dongmei Cui: <i>Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Terpolymerization of Styrene, Isoprene and Butadiene with Lutetium-Based Coordination Catalyst</i>. In: <i>Macromolecules.</i> Band 44, Nr. 19, 2011, S.&nbsp;7675–7681, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ma2016198">10.1021/ma2016198</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nils Meyer, Agustino Zulys, Peter W. Roesky: <i>A Chiral-Bridged Aminotroponiminate Complex of Lutetium as Catalyst for the Asymmetric Hydroamination.</i> In: <i>Organometallics.</i> Band 25, Nr. 17, 2006, S.&nbsp;4179–4182, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/om060440k">10.1021/om060440k</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Saha-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Saha_36-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Saha_36-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Gopal B. Saha: <i>Physics and radiobiology of nuclear medicine.</i> 3. Auflage. Springer, 2006, ISBN 0-387-30754-0, S.&nbsp;84 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=5ozvy5X35D8C&amp;pg=PA84#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. W. Nielsen, S. L. Blank, D. H. Smith, G. P. Vella-Coleiro, F. B. Hagedorn, R. L. Barns, W. A. Biolsi: <i>Three garnet compositions for bubble domain memories.</i> In: <i>Journal of Electronic Materials.</i> 3, 1974, S.&nbsp;693–707, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02655293" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/BF02655293">doi:10.1007/BF02655293</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dkfz.de/de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2022/dkfz-pm-22-21-FDA-Zulassung-fuer-Therapeutikum-gegen-metastasierten-Prostatakrebs.php"><i>FDA-Zulassung für Therapeutikum gegen metastasierten Prostatakrebs (Lu-177).</i></a> In: <i>Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum.</i> 1.&nbsp;April 2021,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 7.&nbsp;Mai 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALutetium&amp;rft.title=FDA-Zulassung+f%C3%BCr+Therapeutikum+gegen+metastasierten+Prostatakrebs+%28Lu-177%29&amp;rft.description=FDA-Zulassung+f%C3%BCr+Therapeutikum+gegen+metastasierten+Prostatakrebs+%28Lu-177%29&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dkfz.de%2Fde%2Fpresse%2Fpressemitteilungen%2F2022%2Fdkfz-pm-22-21-FDA-Zulassung-fuer-Therapeutikum-gegen-metastasierten-Prostatakrebs.php&amp;rft.date=2021-04-01&amp;rft.language=de">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Magdy M. Khalil: <i>Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine.</i> Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-85961-1, S.&nbsp;37 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=GrYH6zb7xzkC&amp;pg=PA37#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Emsley-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Emsley: <i>Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements.</i> Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-19-850341-5, S.&nbsp;240–242 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC&amp;pg=PA240#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Artur Palasz, Piotr Czekaj: <i>Toxicological and cytophysiological aspects of lanthanides action.</i> In: <i>Acta Biochemica Polonica.</i> 47, 2000, S.&nbsp;1107–1114 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actabp.pl/pdf/4_2000/1107.pdf">Volltext, pdf</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas J. Haley, N. Komesu, M. Efros, L. Koste, H. C. Upham: <i>Pharmacology and toxicology of lutetium chloride.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Pharmaceutical_Sciences" title="Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences">Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences</a>.</i> 53, 1964, S.&nbsp;1186–1188, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600531011" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/jps.2600531011">doi:10.1002/jps.2600531011</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lennart Weltje, Lars R. C. W. Verhoof, Wilko Verweij, Timo Hamers: <i>Lutetium Speciation and Toxicity in a Microbial Bioassay: Testing the Free-Ion Model for Lanthanides.</i> In: <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology.</i> 38, 2004, S.&nbsp;6597–6604, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es049916m" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/es049916m">doi:10.1021/es049916m</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-HoWi1941-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HoWi1941_44-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HoWi1941_44-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102.&nbsp;Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1, S.&nbsp;1941–1943.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Christoph_Elschenbroich" title="Christoph Elschenbroich">Christoph Elschenbroich</a>: <i>Organometallchemie.</i> 6. Auflage. Teubner, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-8351-0167-8, S.&nbsp;573–583.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Yi-kun, J. Dan-yu, S. Jian-lin: <i>Transparent lutetium aluminum garnet sintered from carbonate coprecipitated powders.</i> In: <i>Materials Letters.</i> Band 59, Nummer 28, Dezember 2005, S.&nbsp;3724–3727, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.07.006" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.07.006">doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.07.006</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Uhlicha, P. Huppertzb u. a.: <i>Preparation and characterization of nanoscale lutetium aluminium garnet (LuAG) powders doped by Eu3+.</i> In: <i>Optical Materials.</i> Band 29, Nummer 11, Juli 2007, S.&nbsp;1505–1509, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006.07.013" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2006.07.013">doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2006.07.013</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol>
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<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a>
</td>
<td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Helium" title="Helium">He</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Bor" title="Bor">B</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Selen" title="Selen">Se</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Brom" title="Brom">Br</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Indium" title="Indium">In</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Iod" title="Iod">I</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Gold" title="Gold">Au</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Astat" title="Astat">At</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Uran" title="Uran">U</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div>

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Normdaten&nbsp;(Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4168341-9">4168341-9</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85078994">sh85078994</a></span> </div>
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